为何临床前实验优先选用ICR小鼠动物模型？_MedChemExpress (MCE)

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"006e51af-0a1e-4705-8fff-d513fa49e71e","textAlign":"center","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"Section.01"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"7f585660-3e8e-4dd5-97d7-4e4584a4063b","textAlign":"center","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"关于实验鼠"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"6ce2082c-3788-452d-8d0c-280c6dd63b7c","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"405db3b5-bce8-4285-8cb2-c6332ec59e7f","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"实验小鼠的优点包括体型小"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"(便于饲养和维护)"},{"type":"text","text":"；繁殖周期和寿命较短；人类和老鼠有着非常相似的遗传背景，大约 90% 的基因组都可以被划分为保守共序列的区域"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"[2]"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"aff23048-5b43-4da3-8d86-49827b033434","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"实验鼠常被用来模拟人类疾病用于临床前药物发现和研究，从而更好的指导科学家们寻找疾病治疗方法，模拟的一些疾病包括：高血压、糖尿病、白内障、肥胖、癫痫、呼吸系统疾病、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、各种癌症、心脏疾病等等。疾病攻克，必须记上鼠鼠一大功！"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"eec43f83-9f3e-4e09-9f40-3471e297f48f","textAlign":"center","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"表 1.小鼠基本生物学数据"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"[1]"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"id":"9d828383-a94b-4301-a8ff-0a4597c0d3d4","src":"https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/audit-10281355/a51495d38ab73ec7d6f7522cd3ac2561.png","extension":"","align":"center","alt":"","showAlt":false,"href":"","boxShadow":"","width":"","aspectRatio":0,"status":"success","showText":true,"isPercentage":false,"percentage":0,"isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"de2c7b08-e12e-4d20-bbb9-510b446e1b8b","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根据基因组的组成，实验小鼠可以分为近交、远交、突变、转基因等类型。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"d86aae26-b2d1-4ecc-8c51-725723eb005d","textAlign":"center","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"表 2. 实验小鼠分类"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"[1]"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"id":"c6278d76-a883-43c7-8d2c-b615a3f357e9","src":"https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/audit-10281355/5ef0c44cefcb5c07fa4479153266e7e2.png","extension":"","align":"center","alt":"","showAlt":false,"href":"","boxShadow":"","width":"","aspectRatio":0,"status":"success","showText":true,"isPercentage":false,"percentage":0,"isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"bee26946-f542-4427-b3fd-ff23f6c21ad2","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那么，不同类别的小鼠有哪些特点，不同实验又该怎样选择合适的小鼠呢？小 M 这就针对实验中不同的经典常用品系以及不同的生物实验为大家总结！！！"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"e90040d9-f0ab-4096-a28a-c00cfadac348","textAlign":"center","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"Section.02"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"8eb82eb4-4778-499f-bf0b-755ffd635466","textAlign":"center","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"近交系"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"86976241-79f6-4dde-9080-4503f293c305","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"a912a48b-5708-4974-b9ac-775957331ca0","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"C57BL/6 小鼠"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"id":"cbfeb500-b606-44b6-a207-ebbaa075fa1d","src":"https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/audit-10281355/d31033f70c2cfff50396aba2331fe5f0.png","extension":"","align":"center","alt":"","showAlt":false,"href":"","boxShadow":"","width":"","aspectRatio":0,"status":"success","showText":true,"isPercentage":false,"percentage":0,"isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"4722225c-9104-4f09-b995-592d36bc3e8b","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"C57BL/6"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"(C57 black 6)"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"小鼠品系是生物医学研究中使用最广泛的品系"},{"type":"text","text":"，也是第一个完成基因组测序的菌株。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"42f3f7ee-e459-4e22-ac99-e15a084857fe","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"它是来自杰克逊实验室"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"(JAX)"},{"type":"text","text":"的原始 B6 菌株，所有其他 B6 亚菌株都是由它衍生而来。作为菌株命名法的一部分，实验室代码作为子菌株名称添加在末尾。C57BL/6J 为亲本亚株，“ J ”是杰克逊实验室的实验室代码。1951 年，C57BL/6J 小鼠被送到美国国立卫生研究院"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"(NIH)"},{"type":"text","text":"，在那里建立了一个名为 C57BL/6N 的群体。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"ad5602af-903a-43e7-a1ee-3c8f92073ed5","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不同的亚型可能具有不同的表型，已有研究表明 C57BL/6J 和 C57BL/6N 亚型在心血管、代谢和神经系统疾病方面存在差异"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"[3]"},{"type":"text","text":"。比如，20 世纪 80 年代初，研究人员就已经发现 B6/J 与 B6/N 小鼠在乙醇摄入量和饮酒偏好方面存在行为差异，B6/J 小鼠自愿摄入乙醇的特性较强，该品系适用于研究可降低乙醇摄入的干预调控手段。B6/N 小鼠的恐惧学习能力与焦虑水平高于 B6/J 小鼠；而 B6/J 小鼠的疼痛敏感度和转棒实验表现则优于 B6/N 小鼠"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"[3]"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"80d6f1f9-27f2-4233-bf5c-24abce528b41","textAlign":"center","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"表 3. C57BL/6 亚型的各种表型检测"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"[4]"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"id":"d671df04-d89b-4a95-933c-abed09b314c9","src":"https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/audit-10281355/c7311e73ecc61e2289b5ca7854903293.png","extension":"","align":"center","alt":"","showAlt":false,"href":"","boxShadow":"","width":"","aspectRatio":0,"status":"success","showText":true,"isPercentage":false,"percentage":0,"isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"7334547f-8b87-4c17-af9c-5e38fb15610c","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"e7bccab7-46a6-475e-ab80-edde5f022ad8","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"b46c8194-4cb5-46c6-bab8-17881fb35874","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"BALB/c 小鼠"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"id":"fa7fb714-8d5e-4e41-913e-620a998945de","src":"https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/audit-10281355/56a37f972f5ee095a15bb07f4715b066.png","extension":"","align":"center","alt":"","showAlt":false,"href":"","boxShadow":"","width":"","aspectRatio":0,"status":"success","showText":true,"isPercentage":false,"percentage":0,"isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"09aa5f1b-e9d3-453f-b9cd-896b335d0d10","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"BALB/c 小鼠是白化的"},{"type":"text","text":"，有粉红色的眼睛和白色的皮肤毛发。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"65d73352-3dbe-476d-8f84-6a8961134d0a","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"BALB/c 小鼠是近亲繁殖的品种，在最初建立之后，BALB/c 小鼠在不同的时间点被转移到包括 JAX， NIH 和 Charles River 实验室"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"(Crl/Cr)"},{"type":"text","text":"在内的机构，在那里独立近亲繁殖导致三个亚株的发展：BALB/cJ， BALB/cAnN 和 BALB/cCr。1935 年，以 BALB/cJ 为基础，连续近交 37 代，获得 BALB/cByJ 小鼠。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"eacb7707-de0b-4008-95ed-894e83b510cc","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"BALB/c 小鼠广泛应用于生物医学研究，特别是免疫学和传染病研究，这些亚型基因组极为相近，但在免疫、行为、疾病易感性等方面存在可检测差异。在 BALB/c 亚株的攻击行为研究中，BALB/cJ 表现出比 BALB/cByJ 更强的攻击行为；BALB/cJ 小鼠在奖励条件下对负反馈表现出更低的敏感性和更大的认知灵活性"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"[5]"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"a321981a-b0cd-4014-961b-9c610f86e7c9","textAlign":"center","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"表 4. BALB/c 亚型的各种表型检测"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"[4]"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"id":"6b01e6aa-3bca-41cd-bab3-2d888d00fbea","src":"https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/audit-10281355/b95955bbe8e287843e182b726d31e497.png","extension":"","align":"center","alt":"","showAlt":false,"href":"","boxShadow":"","width":"","aspectRatio":0,"status":"success","showText":true,"isPercentage":false,"percentage":0,"isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"55db4c5d-c720-4e92-b922-afb9643617f9","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"0380bdcb-d554-4c62-9cff-fc431f322371","textAlign":"center","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"Section.03"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"2af157df-2aeb-446c-a410-df90b2ba43b8","textAlign":"center","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"远交系"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"b60d9789-6650-46ec-8856-98fbd4a47f89","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"b01e73cc-d3e4-4b9c-b6f4-9c598aed67c1","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"ICR"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"(Institute of Cancer Research)"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"是白化小鼠，是最常用的 outbred小鼠之一"},{"type":"text","text":"，具有价格低廉、繁殖力强、生长迅速等优点，被广泛用于药理、毒理、肿瘤和安全性评价等研究。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"89deb84a-d92c-478e-94b8-f88f070b69fb","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ICR 由 1926 年从瑞士实验室引入的两只雄鼠和七只雌鼠开始，1948 年在美国癌症研究所建立 Hauschka Ha/ICR 群体，1959 年分发给商业公司，形成众多 ICR stocks。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"b79d4bc3-b5a9-4aba-990e-e714fc677b87","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前全球多家公司和机构拥有各自的 ICR 系，如来自韩国 NIFDS 的 Korl:ICR。ICR 小鼠因其遗传多样性更接近人群异质性，被认为是模拟人类复杂疾病过程的重要工具，在新药研发、安全评价及基础生命科学中不可替代，更具临床转化价值"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"[5]"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"30743efd-767d-4215-8d94-d66afd47ef80","textAlign":"center","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"Section.04"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"7e35b154-77e9-4ca3-86fa-c6da1ff23efa","textAlign":"center","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"突变系"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"2a80a2b6-a10a-49c6-ab5f-17748d5c51c0","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"8cc195ce-feda-4fd5-a403-79d996f6ae9e","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"无胸腺裸鼠(nu/nu , Nude mouse)"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"f4bbe646-45e9-492c-aa33-4cac20a1528b","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"裸鼠是一种自然突变的小鼠，没有胸腺，也没有毛发"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"(裸)"},{"type":"text","text":"。裸鼠胸腺的缺失导致 T 细胞缺陷，从而使裸鼠免疫缺陷，无法接受外来组织，如人类肿瘤。基本上，所有类型的人类肿瘤都可以在裸鼠体内生长。当肿瘤被移植到裸鼠体内时"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"(移植到与其起源相对应的器官上)"},{"type":"text","text":"，它们会发生转移，并表现出与患者相同的行为。已经研制出表达绿色荧光蛋白等荧光蛋白的转基因裸鼠"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"[6]"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"id":"796c860b-4f86-4fc1-9e05-8fd7d6352899","src":"https://developer.qcloudimg.com/http-save/audit-10281355/60221d7ae4c4e9b125b23f526fd0470a.png","extension":"","align":"center","alt":"","showAlt":false,"href":"","boxShadow":"","width":"","aspectRatio":0,"status":"success","showText":true,"isPercentage":false,"percentage":0,"isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"e7d096b5-c167-471a-8ccf-210d1d74221a","textAlign":"center","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"图 1 . 转基因裸鼠在几乎所有细胞和组织中表达红色荧光蛋白 (RFP) 、绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP) 或青色荧光蛋白 (CFP)[7]。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"1eac560d-15a4-4b67-a5db-0b9a78fd26d1","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"ba80811f-68fb-4f28-a33d-cab50f852b26","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"非肥胖糖尿病(NOD)"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"f1da7338-30c7-48b0-8dc8-fb58af0a451f","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"NOD 小鼠"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"(非肥胖糖尿病小鼠)"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"是目前研究 1 型糖尿病"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"(T1D)"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"及其自身免疫机制最经典和广泛应用的动物模型之一。"},{"type":"text","text":"该品系最早于 20 世纪 80 年代在日本由研究人员在培育白内障易感小鼠过程中偶然发现，后经系统选育建立。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"35b8ea23-e33d-49fe-9679-5efab71d353b","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"NOD 小鼠自幼年期即可自发性地发生类似于人类青少年 T1D 的疾病，其发病机制与人类 T1D 高度相似，均表现为胰岛 β 细胞被自身免疫系统破坏，导致胰岛素分泌不足和持续性高血糖。NOD 小鼠的糖尿病发病过程包括胰岛炎"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"(免疫细胞浸润胰岛)"},{"type":"text","text":"、自身反应性 T 细胞和自身抗体的出现，最终导致 β 细胞功能丧失。雌性 NOD 小鼠的发病率远高于雄性，且疾病进展迅速。除糖尿病外，NOD 小鼠还常伴有甲状腺炎、唾液腺炎等多器官自身免疫表现，是研究多器官自身免疫的重要工具"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"[7]"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"b6a2d6e9-8b37-4532-a8f1-f4186496fb14","textAlign":"center","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"Section.05"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"c3f3055c-a940-43c3-8536-ac69a56fc011","textAlign":"center","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"","background":""}}],"text":"小结"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"2c6b8521-1827-4b65-af9d-399f502c9bce","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"06948624-c153-4ce4-aca8-ea64d9a24554","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"实验小鼠品系不仅影响是否“能成模”，还深刻影响疾病表型、炎症反应、行为学和转化价值。在设计阶段就必须系统考虑遗传背景，有时甚至比疾病因素本身影响还大。在肿瘤、神经、代谢/炎症和心血管等不同领域，不存在“一种最好的小鼠品系”。C57BL/6、BALB/c 等经典品系依然是基础，但其免疫偏型、行为和器官特异反应明显不同，会直接影响疾病模型表型和药效评估。越来越多研究表明在可行范围内引入多品系或遗传多样性、明确并合理利用亚品系差异，并根据具体研究终点来“逆向推导”品系选择，是提升模型可靠性与转化价值的关键策略。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"df3a6fbd-9e43-4588-be6f-b49831c13e7f","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"705b3d89-c609-458d-b9ca-37acb6168068","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"参考文献"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"43f98b1e-a159-4e1b-9017-1796c97d3d0e","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"[1] Hickman DL, et al. Commonly Used Animal Models. Principles of Animal Research for Graduate and Undergraduate Students. 2017:117–75."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"9d8b4061-7b6f-4364-9f9b-0fdd8779fab9","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"[2] Breschi A, et al. Comparative transcriptomics in human and mouse. Nat Rev Genet. 2017 Jul;18(7):425-440."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"dd8b6522-2c4f-4077-8099-9d161b986d94","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"[3] Bryant CD. The blessings and curses of C57BL/6 substrains in mouse genetic studies. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Dec;1245:31-3."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"6494ddc1-1a20-4d43-89cc-640c776c1efa","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"[4] Zhao L, et al. Brief introduction in phenotypic and genetic differences of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice substrains. Animal Model Exp Med. 2025 Sep;8(9):1628-1634."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"60c44039-4d19-40d0-a8e5-1ee922ff9d2f","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"[5] Kim JE, et al. Annual tendency of research papers used ICR mice as experimental animals in biomedical research fields. Lab Anim Res. 2017 Jun;33(2):171-178."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"11a62a01-012a-499c-a6ae-76f8feb997cc","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"[6] RM Hoffman, Nude Mouse.Brenner's Encyclopedia of Genetics, 2013, Pages 141-143"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"584efd79-886f-4811-a885-c999d99dcd6c","textAlign":"justify","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":"rgb(136, 136, 136)","background":""}}],"text":"[7] Aldrich VR, et al. NOD Mice-Good Model for T1D but Not Without Limitations. Cell Transplant. 2020 Jan-Dec;29:963689720939127."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"09330d46-3de5-4ca0-9f53-0fe058d46911","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"4937e356-6882-4efc-9fb0-4d0ecd55abdc","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"80f4fab7-90d6-4b7d-a732-5f85739951e4","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":null,"textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false}}]}","createTime":1783406828,"ext":{"closeTextLink":0,"comment_ban":0,"description":"","focusRead":0},"favNum":0,"html":"","isOriginal":0,"likeNum":0,