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Java多线程之Worker Thread模式代码示例

时间:2022-06-29 02:06:35 编辑:袖梨 来源:一聚教程网

本篇文章小编给大家分享一下Java多线程之Worker Thread模式代码示例,文章代码介绍的很详细,小编觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家供大家参考,有需要的小伙伴们可以来看看。

一.Worker Thread模式

Worker的意思是工作的人,在Worker Thread模式中,工人线程Worker thread会逐个取回工作并进行处理,当所有工作全部完成后,工人线程会等待新的工作到来。

Worker Thread模式也被成为Background Thread(背景线程)模式,另外,如果从保存多个工人线程的场所这一点看,我们也可以称这种模式为Thread Pool模式。

二 .Worker Thread模式中的角色

1.Client(委托者)

创建表示工作请求的Request并将其传递给Channel。在示例程序中,ClientThread相当于该角色。

2.Channel(通信线路)

Channel角色接受来自于Client的Request,并将其传递给Worker。在示例程序中,Channel相当于该角色。

3.Worker(工人)

Worker角色从Channel中获取Request,并进行工作,当一项工作完成后,它会继续去获取另外的Request,在示例程序中,WorkerThread相当于该角色。

4.Request(请求)

Request角色是表示工作的角色,Request角色中保存了进行工作所必须的信息,在示例程序中,Request相当于该角色。

三.Worker Thread使用场景

想象一个场景,一个工厂在生产玩具,在一个车间里,有几个工人,每次生产部件准备好车间外的人就将部件放到车间的一个桌子上,工人每次做完一个玩具就从桌子上取部件。在这里,注意到,部件并不是直接交给工人的,另外一点,工人并不是做完一个部件就回家换个新人,后者在现实有点滑稽,但是在程序中却对应一个典型的线程使用方法:线程池。

所谓线程池,就是对线程的复用,当线程执行完任务之后就继续取其他任务执行,而不是销毁启动新线程执行其他任务。因为线程的启动对于系统性能开销比较大,所以这样对于系统性能的提高很有好处。

四.Worker Thread模式程序示例

首先是请求,即玩具的部件

public class Request {

    private final String name;
    private final int number;

    public Request(String name, int number) {
        this.name = name;
        this.number = number;
    }

    public void execute(){
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" executed "+this);
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Request=> " + "No." + number + "  Name." + name;
    }
}

也就是拥有name和number并且execute的时候打印出字段的一个简单类。

ClientThread,负责将请求放入RequestQueue中,即将部件放到桌子上。

public class ClientThread extends Thread {

    private static final Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());

    private final Channel channel;

    public ClientThread(String name, Channel channel) {
        super(name);
        this.channel = channel;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {

            for (int i = 0; true; i++) {
                Request request = new Request(getName(),i);
                this.channel.put(request);
                Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1_000));
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {

        }
    }
}

Channel类,可以当做车间

public class Channel {

    private final static int MAX_REQUEST = 100;

    private final Request[] requestQueue;
    private final WorkerThread[] workerPool;
    private int head;
    private int tail;
    private int count;

    public Channel(int workers) {

        this.requestQueue = new Request[MAX_REQUEST];
        this.head = 0;
        this.tail = 0;
        this.count = 0;
        this.workerPool = new WorkerThread[workers];
        this.init();
    }

    private void init() {
        for (int i = 0; i < workerPool.length; i++) {
            workerPool[i] = new WorkerThread("Worker-" + i, this);
        }
    }

    /**
     * push switch to start all of worker to work
     */
    public void startWorker() {
        Arrays.asList(workerPool).forEach(WorkerThread::start);

//        List workerThreads = Arrays.asList(workerPool);
//
//        workerThreads.stream().forEach(WorkerThread::start);
    }

    public synchronized void put(Request request) {
        while (count >= requestQueue.length) {
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        this.requestQueue[tail] = request;
        this.tail = (tail + 1) % requestQueue.length;
        this.count++;
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    public synchronized Request take() {
        while (count <= 0) {
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        Request request = this.requestQueue[head];
        this.head = (this.head + 1) % this.requestQueue.length;
        this.count--;
        this.notifyAll();
        return request;
    }
}

Requestqueue可以当做桌子,是一个数量有限的请求队列。threadPool是一个工人线程的数组,这就是一个线程池。在这里提供了putRequest和takeRequest方法,分别是往请求队列放入请求和取出请,这里使用了上一篇博文讲到的生产者消费者模式java多线程设计模式之消费者生产者模式。确保了WorkerThread和ClientThread之间可以友好合作。

工人线程:

public class WorkerThread extends Thread {

    private static final Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
    private final Channel channel;

    public WorkerThread(String name, Channel channel) {
        super(name);
        this.channel = channel;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            channel.take().execute();

            try {
                Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1_000));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

这里就是一个不断从请求队列中取出请求然后执行请求的过程,保证了工人线程的复用,并不会执行完一个请求任务就销毁。

最后是Main:

public class WorkerClient {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Channel channel = new Channel(5);
        channel.startWorker();

        new ClientThread("Alex", channel).start();
        new ClientThread("Jack", channel).start();
        new ClientThread("William", channel).start();
    }
}

结果:

Worker-4 executed Request=> No.0 Name.Alex

Worker-2 executed Request=> No.0 Name.Jack

Worker-3 executed Request=> No.0 Name.William

Worker-4 executed Request=> No.1 Name.Jack

Worker-0 executed Request=> No.1 Name.William

Worker-3 executed Request=> No.2 Name.Jack

Worker-2 executed Request=> No.1 Name.Alex

Worker-4 executed Request=> No.2 Name.William

Worker-1 executed Request=> No.3 Name.Jack

Worker-3 executed Request=> No.2 Name.Alex

Worker-4 executed Request=> No.3 Name.William

Worker-0 executed Request=> No.4 Name.Jack

Worker-0 executed Request=> No.3 Name.Alex

Worker-1 executed Request=> No.5 Name.Jack

Worker-3 executed Request=> No.4 Name.William

Worker-1 executed Request=> No.6 Name.Jack

Worker-2 executed Request=> No.4 Name.Alex

Worker-3 executed Request=> No.7 Name.Jack

Worker-0 executed Request=> No.5 Name.William

Worker-1 executed Request=> No.5 Name.Alex

Worker-4 executed Request=> No.8 Name.Jack

Worker-2 executed Request=> No.6 Name.Alex

Worker-0 executed Request=> No.7 Name.Alex

Worker-4 executed Request=> No.8 Name.Alex

Worker-2 executed Request=> No.6 Name.William

省略...

可以看出线程执行任务的线程就是WorkerThread1,2,3,4,5五个,它们不断执行来自ClientThread Alex,Jack,William的请求任务。

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